A new planet is discovered! It has a mass of 3.03 10^24 kg and a radius of 7500 km. A spacecraft is put in orbit at an altitude of 370 km above the surface of the planet. The satellite has a mass of 4370 kg. Determine the following.
a) What is the velocity of the satellite while it is in orbit?
_____m/s
b) How long does it take the satellite to orbit the planet once, in minutes?
_____minutes
c) What is the kinetic energy of the satellite?
_____ J
d) What is the potential energy of the satellite?
_____J
e) What is the total mechanical energy of the satellite?
_____ J
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Answers & Comments
a) What is the velocity of the satellite Vo while it is in orbit?
Vo^2*(r+h) = M*G
Vo = 3.03*10^24*6.674*10^-11/(7.87*10^6) = 5,069 m/s
b) How long t does it take the satellite to orbit the planet once, in minutes?
t = 7.87*10^6*2PI /(5,069*60) = 162.6 minutes
c) What is the kinetic energy KE of the satellite?
KE = m/2*Vo^2 = 2185*2.570*10^7 = 5.614*10^10 J
d) What is the potential energy GPEo of the orbiting satellite?
GPEo = -m*M*G/(r+h)
GPEo = -4.37*10^3*3.03*10^24*6.674*10^-11/(7.87*10^6) = -1.123*10^13 J
e) What is the total mechanical energy ME of the satellite?
Me = GPEo+KE = 5.614*10^10 -1123*10^10 = -1117*10^10 = -1.117*10^13 J
assuming that is 3.03x10^24 kg and that the spacecraft is the satellite.
The radius of the orbit is 7500 + 370 = 3870 km.
V = √(GM/R) = √(6.673e-11•3.03e24/3870e3)
V = 7228 m/s
KE = ½mV² = ½(4370)(7228)² = 1.142e11 J
total energy
E = GmM / (2h) = (6.673e-11)(4370)(3.03e24) / (2•3870e3)
PE is the difference.
Satellite motion, circular
V = √(GM/R)T = 2π√[R³/GM] T is period of satellite in sec V = velocity in m/s
G = 6.673e-11 Nm²/kg²
M is mass of central body in kg
R is radius of orbit in m